Ingredient Insights

Berberine HCl vs Glycine Berberine is not an amino acid. Berberine HCl is a salt form of berberine, a plant-derived […]

Bone broth is not a proven treatment for acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A simple, lower-fat broth may

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (GlcNAc or NAG) and glycine are not interchangeable ingredients. GlcNAc is an acetylated amino sugar, while glycine is the

Gelatin and L-glutamine are not substitutes. Gelatin is a collagen-derived protein mixture with functional gelling properties, while L-glutamine is a

Walnut peptide is a walnut-derived protein hydrolysate made by breaking walnut protein into shorter peptide chains. Research on specific walnut

Vaccinium myrtillus fruit extract, commonly called bilberry fruit extract, is a botanical ingredient rich in anthocyanins and other polyphenols. Laboratory

Shark cartilage powder is a dried marine cartilage ingredient containing collagenous proteins, glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate, calcium, phosphorus, and

Soluble collagen and hydrolyzed collagen are not simply “large collagen versus small collagen.” Soluble collagen generally describes collagen that can

Hydrolyzed keratin and rice protein are not direct equivalents. For hair care, the more relevant comparison is hydrolyzed keratin versus

Hydrolyzed keratin and hydrolyzed pea protein are both protein-derived hair-conditioning ingredients, but they are not interchangeable. Hydrolyzed keratin is usually